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Hospital Admixture Bibliography

Citations:

Bloss, C.S., Sybert, K., Osmolality of Commercially Available Oral Liquid Drug Preparations. ASHP Annual Meeting, 48:35 1991

Crane, V.S., Significance of Osmoticity in Antibiotic Small Volume Parenterals. Drug Intelligence, Clinical Pharmacology, 21:830 1987

Cunningham, D.G., Osmoticity, Osmolality, Osmolarity and Tonicity-Hospital Pharmacy Applications. South Africa Pharm. Jnl., 55: 54 1988

Dickerson, R.N. Melnik, G., Osmolality of Oral Drug Solutions and Suspensions. Am. Jnl. of Hospital Pharmacy, 45:832 1988

Hall, W.E., Some Applications of Osmometry to Pharmacy. Am. Jnl. Pharmaceutical Education, p. 204

Kirschenbaum, B., Concerns about Dry Partial-Fill Containers. Am Jnl. of Hospital Pharmacy, 43:316 1986

Lau, N.C., Sagraves, R., Allen, L.V., Osmolality Determinations of Intravenous Medications and Small Volume Admixtures for Pediatric Patients. ASHP Midyear Meeting, 26:584 1991

Mostert, J.W., The pH and Osmolality of Intravenously Used Drugs. JAMA, 216:1843 1971

Murty, R., Kapoor, J. Applications of the Osmometer in the Manufacture of Certain Parenteral Preparations. Pharmaceutical Technology, p. 37, July 1977

Santiero, M.L., Sagraves, R., Allen, L.V., Osmolality of Small Volume IV Admixtures for Pediatric Patients. Am. Jnl. of Hospital Pharmacy, 47: 1359 1990

Smith, E., Brock, A.P., The Effect of Reduced Osmolarity on Platinum Drug Toxicity. British Journal of Cancer, 59 (6): 873 1989

Imaging and Contrast Materials
Swanson is an early champion of recognizing the reduced risk of "hypersensitivity reaction" by the use of low-osmolality contrast materials. He stops short of recommending system-wide conversion, due to its significantly higher cost. His "Drug Review" article has a good summary of hypersensitivity reactions on page 881.

Complicating the picture is the Doorey report which, while anecdotal, offers the cautionary view that there is a recognized higher incidence of thrombus formation at the catheter tip, with the use of low-osmolal media. He cites a "Consensus Opinion Regarding Use of Low Osmolar Contrast Agents" from the Society of Cardiac Angiography.

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